Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses a wide range of devices originating in engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. Rapid breakthroughs in science and technology have opened up a blooming new sector of nanotechnology. Materials and technologies designed to interact with the body at subcellular (i.e., molecular) scales with a high degree of specificity are examples of nanotechnology applications in medicine and physiology. This could lead to targeted cellular and tissue-specific clinical applications aimed at achieving maximum treatment efficacy with the least amount of negative effects.